Let us start with the clotheline. If you don't have one, get one. If you live in a subdivision that doesn't permit them, hang one in your attic, porch or use a drying rack inside, or do a little agitating and get the rules changed, but lose the dryer. I had a friend from Indonesia who said that of all the funny things she'd learned about Americans, the idea that we used machines to dry our clothes, which the air and the sun did for free was absolutely the weirdest. She couldn't get over the idea that we were that crazy. And she has a point. The average dryer costs most families $80 per year. That's a lot of money for something free. And the greenhouse gas emissions are signficant.
Now I don't find hanging laundry to be a hardship at all. I can get a load up on the line in 4 minutes, the laundry smells better, and while I'm doing it, the kids can help, I can watch the birds in the trees - frankly, I find it to be one of the most pleasant chores I do. Now it is true that things are softer when they come out of the dryer - and some things, like towels, can end up on the crunchy side if you have hard water. A little vinegar in the rinse, and hanging on windy days helps. But the thing that helps the most is simply getting used to it - it won't take very long before you'll stop expecting everything to be soft. And everything smells better on the line, and many things come off the line nicely crisp - oxford shirts, sheets and tablecloths are much nicer off the line. If you are really having trouble with the transition, you can throw your already 90% dry clothes in the dryer for a few minutes to soften up, but it is much easier just to get used to it.
In the winter, you can freeze-dry clothes outside (they come out softer), or hang them up inside on an indoor clothesline or drying rack. I often just throw them over the shower curtain rack as well, but I'm a notorious slob, so you probably shouldn't emulate me, or should at least hide the clothes when company comes over.
The next thing to lose is the dry cleaner. Conventional dry cleaning uses incredibly toxic solvents to clean your clothes, which are neither good for you or the environment. It is also extremely energy intensive. Treehugger has a good analysis of the issues here: http://www.treehugger.com/files/2007/02/ask_treehugger.php. If you have an environmentally friendly dry cleaner near you, by all means use it. If you don't, avoid "dry clean only" clothing like the plague. If you must wear it, do so as infrequently as possible and go as long as humanly possible between dry cleanings - air and spot clean instead. But if you don't have to wear an expensive suit every day, choose clothing that doesn't need dry cleaning. Most natural fibers (preferrable in many cases to petroleum based) can be hand washed - cashmere and wool, for example.
I don't think chemical fabric softeners are a good idea for anyone - dryer sheets and chemical fabric softeners contain a host of chemicals - here's a list of some of the chemicals and their potential consequences. http://www.ourlittleplace.com/fabric.html. Just do without them. And you'll want the lowest impact detergents, with the least packaging you can get. At a minimum, buy bulk powdered laundry degtergent in cardboard, use as little as you can and still get the clothes clean, and recycle the packaging. But if you can afford it and have access to them, there are a host of non-toxic, environmentally friendly detergents out there, or if you make soap, you can make your own laundry soap and know that the ingredients are quite friendly. Traditional washing soda, available at some stores is also very low impact. Borax is considerably better than bleach on your whites, and is available at my grocery store.
The next thing you can do is reduce the sheer amount of laundry you need to wash. Towels and sheets can be washed less often. Clothing can be reworn, perhaps aired if it doesn't smell fresh, and washing avoided. Don't just toss things in the hamper - make sure they really need cleaning. Put out of season clothes away in places that get decent air circulation if possible, to avoid a need for rewashing. And spot-treat stains to avoid multiple washes.
Toilet training makes a huge reduction in parent's laundry - I'm not exactly the poster child for getting your kid trained early - my oldest disabled child is not yet trained, my second was nearly four, and #3 just trained at 3 1/2. But the sooner you do this, the sooner the cloth diapers go away, and that's quite an incentive. Obviously, you can't make a kid toilet train, but if you can do it, it is worth devoting some time to.
I have done all my laundry in cold water since I was a kid, and my clothes come out fine. I find it requires a little more attention to stains since my water here is very, very hard, but there is really no need to do laundry in hot water. We wash diapers in cold as well, and have had no problems with rashes or diseases. Hanging them in the sun makes an excellent natural antibacterial.
And then, there's hand and non-electric washing. It doesn't have to be an all or nothing thing - you can, for example, hand wash a sink full of underwear and socks in a couple of minutes, and thus perhaps delay your need for a machine load. Or you might consider hand washing everything. For one person, hand washing everything but towels, sheets and jeans would be entirely feasible - I know, I did it for years, simply because I couldn't afford the quarters for the machines. I reserved the trip to the washer to once a month. And when I finally had a washing machine, I was struck by how much more often I was using it.
There are a whole host of ways to do laundry without electricity. Lehmans sells a very small pressure washer, great for a small household or a few diapers. It costs less than $70. Or you could spend a ton and get the James Handwasher, wringer and rinse tubs. Or you could use a free plastic bucket from the grocery store and a plunger, or simply soak things a long time and rub them together with your hands. Or you could do what Colin Beavan and his family do - grape stomp your laundry in your tub. http://noimpactman.typepad.com/blog/2007/04/a_grape_stomper.html
My personal fave is the bucket and plunger method, but honestly, I went years using a bathroom sink, some water and a little detergent, and life went along just fine. I admit, I like my washing machine, but it is good to know I can get along without it.
Sharon
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
40 comments:
My wife prefers hanging laundry to dry.
She mostly uses the dryer when she's in a hurry.
Here's a Brit that uses Peak Oil in Comedy - Robert Newman
http://www.robnewman.com/video.html
When we were making the transition to all line dried, I told my kids the extra stiff towels/washcloths were great exfoliation. LOL
Now that we don't use the dryer, I'm shocked at how strange dryer dried clothes feel. They have no texture at all. And, they smell weird.
We have something called stinky clothes -- what we wore to garden in on Saturday and can put on again on Sunday...and even Tuesday evening. Heck the muddy jeans can go a couple of weeks.
MEA
If you live in a place with harsh sun, drying clothes overnight or in the shade can be a good idea if they aren't already white or pale - they just might become it! Sunlight can be a powerful bleach.
From a frugality standpoint, our family of 6 knocked of $30-$40/ month from our electric bill. I will do it for that alone!
For the time being I am buying the detergent in large plastic tubs and transferring a reasonable amout into an older cardboard container. The buchets will be reused and I will return to the cardboard box when I have 4-5 buckets.
Great post. Laundry is one of my favorite topics! I just wrote about the Lehman's WonderClean that you mentioned:
http://livelightlytour.com/2007/08/05/laundry-love/
We bought it to use now that we're on the road fulltime. It works great...and it was only $45.00.
Whenever I read these posts by Americans about the miracles of line-drying, I'm always amused. It's just such an Aussie thing to have the washing out. I mean, every Aussie knows the rotary clothes hoist was invented here. It's one of the symbols of Aussie suburban life.
Here now it's winter, and while Melbourne winters don't get very cold, rarely even touching freezing point, they can be rainy. So sometimes we've had to be patient with the line-drying, it taking several days, and we've had to take a few essentials like underwear to dry inside. The plus side is that it's meant we put off doing the washing until we absolutely had to - so the machine has been full, cutting down the number of washes we've had. This has dropped the washes per week from 2-3 to 1, saving us about 20lt a day (our machine is a cheap inefficient one, taking 121lt for a maxi wash).
As far as detergent goes, we've been using a combination of borax & washing soda (pretty much equal parts) exclusively with no problems. We use it on diapers, even. Still transitioning to line-drying, but getting there!
Probably a stupid question, but are there problems with clothes getting rained on? I expect they don't mildew, but do they stain from the line pins anything?
I first learned about dryers when, at 26, I visited the States.
I am 37 now and still almost nobody has one in Portugal. We hang our clothes, and most of us live in flats. When it rains I usually put over the clothesline outside my kitchen window a huge, hard sheet of plastic, like a tent over the hanging clothes. Not only does it protect the drying clothes from the rain, it creates a sort of greenhouse for them to dry quicker!
Now, as for washing, I do admit I use my washer almost everyday. I have 3 kids (7, 5 and 2) and although we live in the city centre they get a lot of park/beach/mud/ activities all day long, specially in the summer vacation (which lasts for 12 weeks here!). Then there are all the fruit stains that are the hardest to get away with. I usually use the dishes detergent to get rid of the nastiest stains - I apply it topically, wash and rinse that bit and get out in the sun to bleach and dry.
But sandy, soaked towels, muddy, bloody (from insects bites, for example) sheets and the like, now, that I really cannot put up with. Everything really has to go in the washer.
Marta from Lisbon
How about rain cleaning your clothes?
I was reading a book from the library by the Non-Toxic Avenger (can't remember author name) titled Organic Housekeeping. She said you could hang clothes and/or persian carpets out in the rain and let the elements wash them clean. She gives very detailed instructions on how to rain clean your Persian rugs.
Also she tells you how to snow clean Persian rugs - must have lots of very cold, dry snow. Wouldn't work here in the CA. Bay ARea, natch. But I might just try the rain cleaning - if we have enough rain this winter. We're in a drought cycle...
I am now on year two of promising self and the world to get a clothesline installed at my place. Hubbie and I are pretty inept. I actually own a clothesline purchased at the cheap housewares mart in my neighborhood but the ropes are all tangled up and I don't quite get how the sort of loom-thingie that holds the multiple strands is supposed to be installed.
This article is yet another reminder to Get It Done. With our drought cycle upon us, we have been having rain-free months from May to January. Not good for the Sierra snowpack or California agriculture, but by God I should be using it to dry some laundry.
I've been reusing clothing I've worn for years. I might use the gardening clothes once or twice but after that they're too crunchy to try to put on. At this point, I do one or two loads of laundry every three weeks or so. But being a family of one allows me the flexibility to do that. I also don't seem to smell all that much even when sweaty and dirty.
I do have dry clean only clothes but, this may shock some people, I only clean them about once in, oh, maybe four or five years. If I can wash them, I do, otherwise I'll wait until the spots can't be hand cleaned anymore. Considering that I have about a dozen outfits (half for summer and half for winter), my dry clean stuff goes a long time in whatever condition it's in.
I do use the dryer every time I wash because, well, I'm lazy sometimes. I do have a covered balcony (I live in a flat) and now that clotheslines were mentioned, I'm going to look into what could be hung up out there.
If things got really tight, I'd wash my clothes in the tub since there aren't that many of them. Grape stomping sounds fine by me!
The building I live in has coin operated washers and dryers so I know how much I spend directly on washing and drying ($3.50 per wash day) and I'm guessing that some of the electricity costs are included in my rent. It would be less a reduction in spending for me to go to line drying and more an environmental improvement. Which is reason enough to do so if I'd get off my lazy butt and ride my bike to the hardware store.
Kerri
I wash my clothes in a large plastic pail- works great- even the sheets, towels and blankets-a comforter requires the tub and is more of a pain to do-but doesn't need it too often.
I keep some "garden/farm" clothes to use until they stand up by themselves and come find me in the morning- then I wash them;keeps the other stuff cleaner.
I always hang my clothing-
re: Beudonia's problem with the line- check out a wooden "line thingie"- not sure what they are called- it is what keeps the two lines together- I have one that is entirely made of wood- is very easy to figure out-and doesn't get brittle and crack like plastic- and at the end of it's life- kindling!
I think that for those who are used to washing machines and dryers- it will take a bit of adjustment-especially for those with families that are used to just tossing everything in the wash after 1 use-crazy.......
vv toilet training
From our recent experience...
It seems to us that the major reason for kids not getting trained for a long time are (of course parents.. but)
a. diapers - the child is dry and does not even know he just peed
b. carpets
We "trained" by taking the diaper off and letting her go around in a t-shirt then catching her in the act and carrying her to the potty. Of course she figured it was wrong thing to do and would hide. But once we got her cornered and squirming in the bathroom she gave up and went on the potty - receiving praise etc. - she was 18 months - not a accident since.
Why I say carpets - we would not be that relaxed about the stuff if we did not have wood floors.
So in a house with no carpets - try it - takes a couple of months.
How on earth do you manage to hang a whole load of laundry in just four minutes? I'm new to line-drying, but I have trouble imagining how I'd ever get so efficient. Please, share your routine with us--as specific as possible!
Regarding carpet & potty-training:
As long as you can keep reasonable track of your child's "goings on", it's really really not that big of a deal--just about anything comes up quickly. Keep around a spray bottle with a vinegar and, maybe, castile soap solution, and pony up for a serious carpet cleaning once the potty training is done, and you're good to go. No, it's not the most fun in the world, but it's not too bad either.
I have noticed that everyone is talking about doing things smarter and less energy intensively. If you look back though human history, you'll notice a couple things: people had alot less clothing, people wore a lot less clothing and people had people smells (they smelled). Maybe this is beyond where most people want to go with their life, but almost every week of the 52 Weeks Down series so far could be accomplished if everybody just had alot fewer things.
Regarding one of the anonymous postings asking about a specific laundry routine, here is mine:
My family turns all our clothes inside out when we take them off to put them into the dirty hamper, that way when I hang things up on the line I don't have to turn them inside out then. I find that step to be very time-consuming. I also try to wash loads of like garmets. So for example, it is easy to hang up a load of towels or jeans quickly. If I don't have a whole load of like items I sort them out a bit when I am taking them out of the washer.
When I am outside hanging things on the line I drape as many things as I can carry over one shoulder and walk down the line hanging them all up. This saves stooping and trips back to the basket. I don't hang socks or undies on the line, I just drape them over the side of the basket and leave the whole thing outside the whole day while the clothes are drying on the line.
One more time-saver- have more clothespins than you think you will ever need, and keep mine them the line, rather than in a container.
Like Sharon, I find that hanging the laundry out is my favorite chore of the day. I have a dairy goat that has to be milked morning and evening, so I have incorporated my twice daily milking and barn chores with my laundry and even gardening chores. It's nice to have a reason to get out of the house twice a day.
-Robin
The strongest washing material is a mix of detergent, dishwashing liquid, and all-purpose cleaner. Just a small squirt of this mix cleans better than detergent alone. Cleaning has 3 variables: time, cleaner concentration, and agitation. If you can spare some time, doing other things nearby, for instance, you can prop open the lid of the washing machine and let the clothes soak for a half hour in a very mild solution. A cheap timer will prop open the lid and serve as a reminder at the same time. Then agitate just 5 minutes and continue with the cycle. Saves wear and tear on the clothes, as well as saving detergent and electricity. If you don't have enough racks to hang clothes indoors in the winter, set some hooks so you can string line through the living room. Here in Maine, we can use the humidity, too. Hang at night and most things will be dry in the morning. The rest can be transfered to a bedroom line for the day. Beware of high-temparature cooking when stuff is hanging indoors, or your clothes will smell like grease. If you hang clothes outdoors and leave it overnight in the fog, you get a bit of bleaching. But it isn't strong unless done several times. Beware with dark colors.
Be cautious about mixing cleaning agents. Some of the mixtures can be dangerous. For example, "household bleach" is usually a hypochlorite solution, and "ammonia" mixed with it gives you chlorine gas - "mustard gas" in WWI.
If you just mix things like dishwashing liquid and vinegar, it's no worries. Basically your guideline should be that if you are afraid to consume some of it (like bleach, caustic soda, dishwashing machine tablets, etc) then you should not mix it with anything else. If you're happy to consume some (eg vinegar) then it should be okay to mix.
I have the funniest picture of my mother holding frozen jeans. My parents hand washed and line dried laundry for a whole winter in Alaska :) That's for 2 adults, and children ages 1, 2 and 3 (in cloth diapers of course)!
As for me, I really like line drying, I just have to be a little more organized-especially with work clothes. Also, as I need new clothes, I'm replacing them with quicker to dry fabrics. Jeans and cotton sweaters take forever....
re potty training
I'm really surprised no one mentioned Elimination Communication and Natural Infant Hygiene...
http://www.natural-wisdom.com/
We're currently using a diaper service with my 3-week old son while we learn his elimination schedule (and while he establishes one!). Many children whose families use EC are continent between the ages of 1-2 years, which saves a lot of diapers.
And because EC is a non-coercive extension of attachment parenting (and something practiced by many non-Western cultures throughout the ages), it helps bond the parents with their children even more.
I was also going to mention Elimination Communication. Like Kettunainen says, EC usually results in independence from diapers by quite an early age, though ideally that's not the point, per se. Most families do find that it cuts waaay back on dirty diapers a long time before that, though (assuming they use diapers).
Second--for speeding up laundry, I prefer not to leave my pins on the line, since it causes wear and tear on the pins, but a little bag on a clothes hanger can move along with you hands-free as you hang. Google "clothespin bag" for some simple patterns--right now, though, mine is a gallon plastic bag pinned to a plastic hanger, and it works fine too.
Third, I recently switched to making my own laundry soap, according to the recipe here:
http://www.thegreenguide.org/article/diy/household
and I am thoroughly satisfied. My mother has also used it and commented that she, too, thinks it gets clothes cleaner than storebought. I use it in my HE washer and feel fairly comfy with that, since it basically doesn't suds at all. (Which, incidentally, makes it very unsatisfying to hand-wash with! ;-)
So much for suggestions, I have a question! I always liked hand-washing, and line drying, it's the--well, the getting from one to the other that stinks. Does anyone have any low-cost solutions for wringing out clothing for those of us with weak, tendonitis-prone wrists? Someday I'd like a wringer, but they're kinda not cheap.
Regarding wringing clothes out-I've never tried it but one suggestion I heard was to use a salad spinner :)
The reason I didn't mention EC is that I honestly don't know anyone who has used it successfully. That's not a knock against it, but the several people I know who have tried it have not had much success with it. That may be a coincidence, but I don't usually advocate things where I don't have any direct positive experience.
I will add that speaking as someone who, when she heard of EC was having her third child in 4 years, I think my personal take on what's required is that it is a natural extension of attachment parenting *in small or widely spread out families* - that's not a knock against it, since such families are optimal in a resource constrained world, but I don't think I could have done it with #3 or #4.
Anonymous, you are absolutely right that fewer things and a greater tolerance for dirt and smell are a key point here. That said, however, the clothing practices of the past had their downside - lice and fleas in clothing, contamination of hands from bacteria in cloth (Norman Cousins argues that the death rate in Medieval Europe was carefully associated with wearing wool underwear and scratching your behind.)
Shoes I've been told last longer if they are allowed to dry out between wearings, so a second pair can reduce your total shoe use.
And those of us with children have real societal constraints - children who are visibly dirty, smell or wear really worn clothing can be taken by social services. It simply isn't worth it, particularly since there's so much clothing around. But yes, paring down makes a big difference.
As for my laundry routine, I don't know if I really have one. I do about 6 loads a week, which is a lot, but remembering I have two untoilet trained children, one who is fairly recently trained, we live on a farm and we use cloth everything - diapers, napkins, handkerchiefs, etc... I try and wash at least one by hand every week, sometimes more.
As for hanging a load, I don't really do anything special, except that I put a basket on a lawn chair and drag it along with me so that I don't have to bend over every time I get something. But otherwise, it is just hang and pin, hang and pin. You get fast at it after a while. I'm slower when the children help ;-).
Sharon
Mixing bleach and ammonia, does result in a dangerous and poisonous gas, but thankfully not mustard gas.
If it were mustard gas, no one would survive the occasional accident from mixing these.
Thankfully, the production of mustard gas requires a lot more effort, otherwise we'd see it used in more often in terrorism and warfare.
But still, don't mix them! It can burn your lungs and suffocate you.!
In older homes with high ceilings in the UK, I know families who use dryer maids -- several wooden poles held in iron end brackets on a pulley system, that can be hoisted up into the warmer air near the ceiling to dry on rainy days. We're planning to purchase two when we move over in three years' time.
Now that two of us are working from home and we've switched from terrycloth towels to waffle-weave bath sheets, the amount of laundry has dropped tremendously.
mutti6And don't forget....all lint in the dryer tray is your clothes wearing out!
Re freeze-drying clothing -- how exactly does that work? Odds are it won't ever be that cold here, but just in case...
In regards to EC:
I was interested but skeptical as to my ability to do it when I read about EC while pg with my third. Closely spaced children does make it more difficult, but I decided to approach it as a Part-time EC'er and found it quite doable. Knowing the concepts made me aware of babies ability to be aware of their elimination- to the extent that I could'nt believe I didn't notice the signs with my first two- I just didn't know to look for them I suppose. Anyway, I did it off and on when and how I felt up to it, certain times of day, even going for days or weeks where I would use cloth diapers, then go back to it. Also, did more cloth dipes without using waterproof covers to "encourage" me to change immediately... DS is now 2 and uses the potty at home almost exclusively when we keep him unclothed from the waist down! Anyway, throughout this experiment there was a huge reduction in the number of diapers we were washing!
Another useful site is www.diaperfreebaby.org
Clothes maid or airer (in England) or 'Pulley' (in Scotland) http://www.castinstyle.co.uk/product.php/356/0 where they are popular, and crucial because it rains so often.
What is 'freeze-drying'? I've heard of the frost used for bleaching, but drying? I can't imagine it working in the UK...though I did once put a handbag in the freezer to get someone else's chewing-gum off it.
Finally, in some cities like Bath you're not allowed to hand clothes out because it detracts from the historic architecture(!) The irony is theirs, not mine!
I'm a 62-year-old white male, and I've been hanging out my laundry since 1974. Most of the time it is a real pleasure. The times it's not are when it's really hot, or when the mosquitoes are really bad (in the city, during the day - yes). But my partner and I have no dryer. In the winter when it's below freezing, or when it's raining, we hang them inside.
A lot of people here in Berlin dry their laundry on drying-racks inside their flats. It works just fine, and it really only takes a few minutes to hang an entire load of laundry, with or without clothespins. I'm trying to motivate my clothes-dryer addicted Usanian brethren to follow suit. Surely they'd be keen to save money and keep their favorite articles of clothing around for longer.
I have been using a very large drying rack for about 4 years now. I love it and use it both in summer and winter (I would line dry perhaps if I had a yard; just a 650sqft apt for two here :)
I have started experimenting with washing my clothes using a plunger (tin one from Lehman's), and drying using a wringer (nice one from Lehman's). It's funny - out of all of the 'green' initiatives that I have begun trying in the last few years, my wife freaked out the most about this one. Not sure why, since we do laundry separately and I wasn't asking her to use the technique; she is concerned about "appearances" I think.
Yes, the initial cost of the wringer seems high, but if you consider it as an investment against using a washing machine, you will regain your investment in several years (I estimate 3-4 in my case; probably only 1 year for 3-4 person families).
Gotta love it!
Here we have an over-educated, probably white, well-off mother-of-4 (FOUR! That's 4 industrialized, modern, Western, American children who, on average in their individual lifetimes, will each add more to global consumption and pollution levels than will 30 to 50 children in developing countries) waxing philosophical about the economics of hanging laundry.
This would be funny if it weren't so hypocritically and selfishly tragic.
Then again, it is loads of fun to trade backyard, laundry gossip while thousands upon thousands are suffering and dying because of our non-negotiable way of life.
Isn't it?
Yes, of course it is.
And it will remain so until we are willing to acknowledge, let alone confront, the myriad elephants in this room.
Which means nothing -- essential and effective -- is really going to change on a voluntary basis.
Not really.
And you know this to be true in the depths of your souls.
"Gotta love it"
Point taken. But have you read the rest of this series? Have you read the rest of this blog? This laundry posting is 16th of 52, all about reducing the impact of CO2 emissions.
I, too, have issues with the pro-natalist Earth Mother types, but at least our host is demonstrating that these lifestyle changes *are possible* even with such huge numbers of children. If _they_ can do it, think what YOU can do!
Signed, another child-free Usonian happy to see you stepping up to the plate.
Use bicarb as an alternative to vinegar as fabric softener, keeps the clothes softer...
"Gotta love it" has a point, albeit a cynical one that others don't like to hear. The best thing you can do for the environment is to not have any kids and convince many others to do the same, or adopt the ones that are already existing.
And by convince I mean coerce and propagandize since as gotta love also rightfully notes, people don't voluntarily forgo their "freedoms" and deeply ingrained habits so easily. Another thing you can do is don't take vacacations that aren't in short driving distance, ride your bike more instead driving, walk more etc. This is why americans are fatasses compared to the rest of the world. They lazily think that you can't travel anywhere without an automobile. Find a job closer to home. My sister works up the street and she moans and groans if she has to walk to or from which is a 10 min distance at the worst. It's pure laziness and sense of entitlement. Also convince your town to plan in a way that is more bicycle friendly, cut back on sprawl which forces us to need autobiles, make parking lots smaller etc.
禮服店 ,酒店小姐 ,酒店經紀 ,酒店兼差,酒店打工, 酒店上班,酒店經紀PRETTY GIRL 台北酒店經紀人 ,酒店經紀 酒店兼差PRETTY GIRL酒店公關 酒店小姐 彩色爆米花酒店兼職,酒店工作 彩色爆米花禮服店, 酒店上班,酒店工作 PRETTY GIRL酒店喝酒酒店上班 彩色爆米花台北酒店酒店小姐 PRETTY GIRL酒店上班酒店打工PRETTY GIRL酒店打工酒店經紀 彩色爆米花酒店兼差,酒店,酒店經紀,酒店經紀,經紀公司,經紀公司,經紀公司,經紀公司,經紀公司,經紀公司,童裝批發,童裝GAP,酒店經紀,
Post a Comment