Thursday, May 17, 2007

Making The Change - 90% Emissions Reduction Rules and Regs

The first thing you will all notice about this is that it says "90%" up there, instead of 93%. The reason for this is twofold. First of all, I did all the calculations out with 93%, and then looked at Monbiot's actual book, and realized that it was 94%. Now you will know what small, petty person I am when you hear that my immediate reaction to that was "Oh, crap - I don't want to give up another 1%, and I really, really don't want to run the numbers again!" But that's not the main reason fro the change. The main reason is this - doing this will involve a lot of regular, daily math. Now if you are one of those ultra smart people who can do fairly complex math in their heads, congratulations. And if you are one of those super-organized people who keeps their records so perfectly that the hope the IRS will audit so they can show off their superior bookkeeping, congratulations again. I hate to tell you this, but I'm a slob, and a lazy slob. While I'm more than willing to live like a Chinese peasant, I'm not at all willing to sit around every afternoon thinking..."Ok, carry the one..ok, I can have 1/17th of a gallon of oil..."

And I suspect that I am rather more like other people than not - that is, I think this whole project will go better if we all use nice round numbers and don't make ourselves too crazy with the calculations. My consultants, Miranda and Aaron also seemed happier with the nice round numbers. So I picked 90% as a target figure, because that means we can all work with the same basic figures, only at 1/10th the average. I also rounded most averages to the nearest round number. On the other hand, I was conservative in other ways, as you'll see, so I think this comes out solidly at or below 90%. And 90% is a big old cut, especially without any government help. But I'm happy to try and continue the cuts after 90%, because once we're down to 10% of the average, we're working with nice round numbers again - that is, each additional percentage is a convenient 10%. But let's concentrate on getting down 90%, and we'll go from there.

If you'd like to do this more precisely, I'll gladly send you my original figures, and you can calculate your stuff any way you'd like.

The Rules of the Game are as follows:

1. EVERYONE can play. Even if you only think you can make a major reduction in a few categories, or 1, you are invited to join us. Every drop in your emissions is a huge accomplishment, and another person who can stand up and say "I can do it, even without any systemic help - therefor, we can all do it." The goal is to reach 90% - but some of us will probably fail. A 20% reduction is still something to be proud of.

2. The time period is 1 year - the goal is to reach a 90% reduction (or the best each of us can do) *AND KEEP IT THERE* after 1 year. That is, we're not dropping our emissions instantly and then going back to business as usual later - the goal is to use this year to figure out what we need to do, what kind of adaptations we need, and how to change things. I suspect for a lot of us, initially the project will be figuring out what we need and acquiring or making those things, so particularly the consumption and garbage portions of this may be difficult initially.


3.Ideally, we'll all calculate and post our approximate usage at the beginning of our personal projects. Please do send in an official "I'm in and here are my numbers email as soon as you can manage it, so we can keep head counts and info around."

4. Every week we post an update - you can put yours on your blog (email your blog links to Miranda at, and she'll hook you up), or update on the comments section of either Miranda's or my blog. Let us know how you are doing, what you are having trouble with, what your numbers are, what you want help with, what your best ideas are. We want to hear how it is going!!!

5. Otherwise, you are in charge of making choices. We have left categories like health care and housing out of this, on the assumption that you aren't going to buy a new house, or give up needed medical attention. If you want to include some of these issues, great. If you need to opt out of a category altogether, fine. If you disagree with my assessment, say, of how things should be calculated, certainly tell me - you may have a better method than I do - but you can also feel free to make your calcuations differently. Just tell us what's going on.

6. If you live in another country than the US, you'll have to do your own baseline - it isn't very hard, and your government websites should have the information. For Canada, Australia and the US, Monbiot's calculation is that reductions must be above 90%, so you'll probably want to use the 90% figures with your own national averages. Most of the rich EU nations are in the mid-to-high 80s, and he doesn't offer figures for other nations. I leave it up to those from other countries to figure out whether they want to try for the 90% reduction ,or choose another number - 80% or 85%. Those are the only numbers Monbiot lists, but I can probably help you figure out an approximate for your country if you email me.

7. If you use a renewable or sustainable resource that I haven't mentioned, email me. I'll add it to the list, and come up with a figure for it.

8. One of the things I think is most important is that we admit when/how/where we fail. We're trying to do something very difficult, and we're doing it without the support that would make this much easier. If there are places where a lot of people can't accomplish a reduction, this is a good argument for some kind of larger intervention.

Some things will be easy for one of us, but not another. I think food will be easy for my household, but gas a real struggle. Other people might find the opposite.

9.Ultimately, this is a support network. We're trying for real and radical change, and also to offer up a model for other people who might want to make these changes. Be kind and be supportive.

10. Remember, when you falter, we can do this. And that Miranda and I are very grateful that you are doing this along with us!!!

Ok, here are my calculations. I've done my very best to make this simple. Whenever possible, I have rounded numbers, so that it would be easy to figure out specifics. Also, whenever possible I have used individual usage and short time periods. Unfortunately, I haven't always been able to find data for shorter periods or for individual usage, in which cases, I've put household, or annual figures. This is imperfect science, but you do the best you can - I think it mostly evens out. But final calculations will be made as yearly, household figures. That is, if your spouse has a job and you stay home with the kids, you can give some of your gas allotment over to her for her commute. And if you need a/c 2 months a year to survive, you can cut back more in the winter. The goal is to be able to meet these goals annually.

The estimates I'm giving for renewable resources may be controversial. I welcome discussion of the subject, or better guidelines - remember, better, but simple. I've tried to be very conservative - that is, I'm trying to err on the side of greater emissions reduction whenever possible. In that interest, I've measured, for example, the net energy return of some renewables as much lower than, say, a company that makes them would. For example, I give no credit at all for ethanol or biodiesel, since I think they are no better and perhaps worse in the emissions department. In the end, if you really disagree, feel free to use your own numbers, just explain how you are calculating things.

We're dividing this into 7 categories. You do the calculation for each one. We've included water, even though it isn't by itself a greenhouse gas problem, because water stress is one of the most serious and immediate consequences of global warming.

If you work out of the home, or spend large quantities of time out of your home, you should include calculations for your work environment, or school environment - % of your time, energy used, divided by number of people using it. Now you may not have much control over this measurement, and if you don't, I suggest you keep three tallies - one for home energy, one for work energy, and one for your total energy in each relevant category. But the good thing about including your work is that this offers incentives for trying to get your work to be more efficient as well. Who knows, you may fail, but it is worth a try.

If you want to look at the figures, you can find most of them here:http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/consumption/index.html. Statistics for water are quite variable, but the best I came up with is this: http://www.hydra.iwr.msu.edu/lw/faq-answer.asp?ID=1. Garbage figures are here:http://www.wisegeek.com/how-much-garbage-does-a-person-create-in-one-year.htm, and consumer spending is from the updated version of Juliet Schor's _The Overspent American_. Food data came mostly from Marion Nestle's _Food Politics_ and Dale Pfeiffer's _Eating Fossil Fuels_.

Here are the 7 categories:

1. Gasoline. Average American usage is 500 gallons PER PERSON, PER YEAR. A 90 percent reduction would be 50 gallons PER PERSON, PER YEAR.

-No reduction in emissions for ethanol or biodiesel.

-Public transportation and Waste Veggie Oil Fuel are deemed to get 100 mpg, and should be calculated accordingly.

2. Electricity. Average US usage is 11,000 kwh PER HOUSEHOLD, PER YEAR, or about 900 kwh PER HOUSEHOLD PER MONTH. A 90% reduction would mean using 1,100 PER HOUSEHOLD, PER YEAR or 90 kwh PER HOUSEHOLD PER MONTH

- Solar Renewables are deemed to have a 50% payback - that is, you get twice as many watts.

-Hydro and Wind are deemed to have a 4 to 1 payback over other methods - you get 4 times as many.

3. Heating and Cooking Energy - this is divided into 3 categories, gas, wood and oil. Your household probably uses one of these, and they are not interchangeable. If you use multiple sources, you are going to have to do some more complicated math to figure out how to divide things proportionally. If you need help, email me. If you use an electric stove or electric heat, this goes under electric usage.

- Natural Gas (this is used by the vast majority of US households as heating and cooking fuel). For this purpose, Propane will be calculated as the same as natural gas. Calculations in therms should be available from your gas provider.


-US Average Natural Gas usage is 1000 therms PER HOUSEHOLD, PER YEAR. A 90% reduction would mean a reduction to 100 therms PER HOUSEHOLD PER YEAR

-Heating Oil (this is used by only about 8% of all US households, mostly in the Northeast, including mine).

-Average US usage is 750 Gallons PER HOUSEHOLD, PER YEAR. A 90% cut would mean using 75 gallons PER HOUSEHOLD, PER YEAR. Biodiesel is calculated as equivalent.

- Wood. This is a tough one. The conventional line is that wood is carbon neutral, but, of course, wood that is harvested would have otherwise been absorbing carbon and providing forest. There are good reasons to be skeptical about this. So I've divided wood into two categories.

1. Locally and sustainably harvested, and either using deadwood, trees that had to come down anyway, coppiced or harvested by someone who replaces every lost tree. This is deemed carbon neutral, and you can use an unlimited supply. This would include street trees your town is taking down anyway, wood you cut on your property and replant, coppiced wood (that is, you cut down some part of the tree but leave it to grow), sustainably harvested local wood, and standing and fallen deadwood. You can use as much of this as you like.

2. Wood not sustainably harvested, or transported long distances, or you don't know. 1 cord of this is equal to 15 gallons of oil or 20 therms of natural gas.

4. Garbage - the average American generates about 4.5 lbs of garbage PER PERSON, PER DAY. A 90% reduction would mean .45 lbs of garbage PER PERSON, PER DAY.

5. Water. The Average American uses 100 Gallons of water PER PERSON, PER DAY. A 90% reduction would mean 10 gallons PER PERSON, PER DAY.

-Rainwater you collect is unlimited.

6. Consumer Goods. The best metric I could find for this is using money. A Professor at Syracuse University calculates that as an average, every consumer dollar we spend puts .5 lbs of carbon into the atmosphere. This isn't perfect, of course, but it averages out pretty well.
The average American spends 10K PER HOUSEHOLD, PER YEAR on
consumer goods, not including things like mortgage, health care, debt service, car payments, etc... Obviously, we recommend you minimize those things to the extent you can, but what we're mostly talking about is things like gifts, toys, music, books, tools, household goods, cosmetics, paper goods, etc... A 90% cut would be 1,000 dollars PER HOUSEHOLD, PER YEAR

-Used goods are deemed to have an energy cost of 10% of their actual purchase price. That is, if you buy a used sofa for $50, you just spent $5 of your allotment. The reason for this is that used goods bought from previous owners put money back into circulation that is then spent on new goods. This would apply to Craigslist, Yardsales, etc... but not goodwill and other charities, as noted below. This rule does not apply if you know that the item would otherwise be thrown out - that is, if someone says, "If you don't buy it, I'm going to toss it." Those items are unlimited as well, because they keep crap out of landfills. Because garbage is such a heavy methane producer, making use of stuff that would be thrown away is a great improvement!

-Goods that were donated are deemed to be unlimited, with no carbon cost. That is, you can spend all you want at Goodwill and the church rummage sale. Putting things back into use that would otherwise be tossed should be strongly encouraged.

7. Food. This was by far the hardest thing to come up with a simple metric for. Using food miles, or price gives what I believe is a radically inaccurate way of thinking about this. So here's the best I can do. Food is divided into 3 categories.

#1 is food you grow, or which is produced *LOCALLY AND ORGANICALLY* (or mostly - it doesn't have to be certified, but should be low input, because chemical fertilizers produce nitrous oxide which is a major greenhouse contributor). Local means within 50-100 miles to me (you can choose your own metric - we'll be using 50). This includes all produce, grains, beans, and meats and dairy products that are mostly either *GRASSFED* or produced with *HOME GROWN OR LOCALLY GROWN, ORGANIC FEED.* That is, chicken meat produced with GM corn from IOWA in Florida is not local. A 90% reduction would involve this being AT LEAST 70% of your diet, year round. Ideally, it would be even more. I also include locally produced things like soap in this category, if most of the ingredients are local.

#2 is is *DRY, BULK* goods, transported from longer distances. That is, *whole, unprocessed* beans, grains, and small light things like tea, coffee, spices (fair trade and sustainably grown *ONLY*), or locally produced animal products partly raised on unprocessed but non-local grains, and locally produced wet products like oils. This is hard to calculate, beause Americans spend very little on these things (except coffee) and whole grains don't constitute a large portion of the diet. These are comparatively low carbon to transport and produce. Purchased in bulk, with minimal packaging (beans in 50lb paper sacks, pasta in bulk, tea loose, by the pound, rather than in little bags), this would also include things like recycled toilet paper, purchased garden seeds and other light, dry items. This should be no more than 25% of your total purchases.

# 3 is Wet goods - meat, fruits, vegetables, juices, oils, milk etc... (we're going to assume you'll buy organic whenever possible, but transporting water and wet things around is still way too energy intensive) transported long distances, and processed foods like chips, soda, potatoes. Also regular shampoo, dish soap, etc... And that no one should buy more than 5% of their food in this form. Right now, the above makes up more than 50% of the average person's diet.

Thus, if you purchase 20 food items in a week, you'd use 14 home or locally produced items, 5 bulk dry items, and only 1 processed or out of season thing.

Ok, let me know what you think and if you are still in! My brain hurts!

Here are our best estimates: Right now we're using:

Gas: We've achieved a 71% reduction - I think this will be our toughest category, especially dealing with Eli's bus ride to the private school for the disabled he attends.

Electricity: We've achieved a 60ish percent reduction - we're still trying to estimate the impact of Eric's job and Eli's school, but 60 is about right.

Heating oil: We used about 55% less than average last year, because our original woodstove was disconnected during the house renovations. We used almost no wood for the same reason.

Garbage: This one isn't clear to me, because we've never weighed our garbage before this week ;-). But if the last week is any representative, we make about 1/3 the garbage of the average family.

Water: We've got about a 60% reduction, less than we would have if our new composting toilets were finally set up. We haven't been as conservative about water, particularly for bathing, as we might be, because we live in a wet climate. This will make us be more careful. It'll also make me get the cistern finished!

Consumer goods: This year is probably not very representative, because we're still on our not-buying things year. We actually are very close to a 90% reduction, and most of what we spent was on seeds and plants, and I'm not sure whether this should fall under food or goods. I actually suspect we'll get to buy more stuff - because we can rescue used goods - doing this than we have in the last year ;-).

Food: Again, we're not very far off of this one right at the moment - maybe 80%? But the change on this one will be somewhat difficult because it will mostly involve our kids, especially Eli, who is very attached to certain things like popsicles and cheerios.

So we've got a lot of work to do. I'm excited, and nervous. I hope you are excited too!


Sharon

95 comments:

Anonymous said...

t is good to see your numbers. I will post mine as soon as I can get everything together (waiting for the most recent bills to arrive). I am excited and nervous.

You have done amazing work!

Ailsa Ek said...

I'm in the middle of trying to toilet train my son and sell my house. Can people join the effort later?

Michelle In TN said...

I'll stayed tuned for ideas, but
that's about it for now. M

Anonymous said...

My water bill is pretty cryptic--I have to get a conversion for cubic feet. But also, I'm in a multi-family and we only get 1 bill. Gonna be tough to assess.

Will try to figure out somethin'.

Anonymous said...

How does recycling count to garbage?

Anonymous said...

Came across your blog via your comments at No Impact Man's site. Appreciated what you had to say there, done in so thoughtful and gracious a manner, and followed over here to see your blog. I hope others will do so as well as it is inspirational.

Jessica at Bwlchyrhyd said...

Count me in -- will get back to you with my numbers as soon as I've had a chance to sit down and work them out but the sun is suddenly shining so I must get outside now! :)

Kim said...

Sharon,
Quick question. How do I convert the cooking energy for an electric range and oven? I cannot imagine getting our electric usage down to 3 kwh/day using an electric stove.

And wow, these numbers make me realize how very far we have to go.

Still considering joining the project though.

KMH

RAS said...

Of course I'm in. Wether I'll make it or not, of course, remains to be seen. A couple of questions:

garbage -I've never weighed my garbage and the only scale I have is a food scale, so that won't work. I could go out and buy a scale, but that would pretty much defeat the purpose. Are there any alternative measures? I generally make less than a bag of garbage a week. How does recylcing figure in?

What category does pet food fall under?

Gasoline- Does the gas I burn going to bars and other events trying to meet women count? ;-)

Anonymous said...

Thank, Sharon. I'm still in.

How do we count things purchased and then donated to others?

Best,

MEA

Anonymous said...

Thanks so much for doing this. I'm going to try to do what I can. Maybe not 90%, but at least 50%.

I'm wondering: Why do you count shampoo, soap, household cleaners, and toilet paper as foods? Wouldn't that be "consumer goods"? Or do they fit under a category of their own?

newbie Linnet in CO

anna j said...

i'm starting my calculations now and will post them on my blog: fifteeenminutes.blogspot.com (note there are three 'e's in fifteeen).

i'm also feeling excited and nervous, and curious how recycling fits into the trash category.

one other thing: we don't get a water bill or heating oil bill because those are taken care of by our landlord in brooklyn and we share utilities with our upstairs neighbor. we'll do our best to calculate, though.

jewishfarmer said...

Ok, questions. BTW, DH points out that the garbage numbers are probably higher than I'm estimating, because my disabled oldest son uses pull-ups at school. Ah well.

Ailsa - Of course you can join later. I'm toilet training too of them right now (3 year old and continuing to work on disabled 7 year old), and I now what a PITA it is. I can't wait until it is warm enough to let them run butt-bare in the yard ;-).

Anonymous #1, I feel your pain. Estimate, but don't make yourself nuts. One thing you might do to get better figures is place a basin, say, in your sink or shower, and get an approximate measurement of say, "1 bath =s X gallons" - then you can figure it by saying - ok, we took 2 four minute showers... rather than from the water bill.

Anonymous #2 (folks, you don't have to sign in, but if you can sign your message with a name or nickname or something...) - I don't know - I was hoping no one would ask ;-). I looked for an estimate of #s of recyclable material per person or household, but couldn't find it. I'll look some more. Obviously, recycling is better, but still takes energy -in the case of plastics, more energy than making new does in many cases. I certainly think we should come up with a minimal goal for recyclables as well - maybe the same as garbage? If I (or someone else) can't find a better figure, should we all it .45 lbs of recyclables?

KMH, I have an electric stove and oven too - same problem. I think you can make cuts in other energy sources, but basically, we're screwed ;-), since electricity is such an inefficient way to generate heat. My thinking - will use my solar oven as much as possible (I may get a professional one, which I gather would heat up better than my homemade), will use my wood cookstove when it is cool enough, and will build a new outdoor oven, and I could microwave and pressure cook more. But all those things are something of a project. In the long term, I may try and convert to a kerosene stove like the Amish use, or propane, but I those are costly. It may be that electricity is a place where a 90% reduction is only possible with major infrastructure changes.

Rebecca - could you borrow a bathroom scale long enough to get an estimate on what one bag of garbage weighs? That's what we did (I used to have one, inherited from Eric's grandparents, but gave it to our local synagogue yard sale, rather than know what I weight, which is depressing ;-).

I think pet food would be food. And trust me, we have 40 chickens, 15 turkeys, 2 ducks, 6 geese, 2 dogs and 3 cats. So this is, ummm...an issue. I may have to give up all distant food just to feed our critters, although I'll definitely be trying the pet food recipe posted over at the "make something" thread.

Hi, Anonymous - you are probably right, we should count them as consumer goods. I included them with food because some of these things may be produced sustainably and locally in your community, and I wanted to encourage people to buy, say, local soap or lotions. But I should probably revise the consumer good section to include local materials, because that's relevant to other categories than personal care stuff. Good point.

Ok, will revise today, but I'm going to wait and see what other comments/questions/critiques come in, and then probably will get the revisions in after the Sabbath.

Shabbat Shalom, all!

Sharon

Anonymous said...

Sharon,
I'm inspired! I will be using this as a goal, especially as we move to property where we can incorporate systems for rainwater collection, and can start heating and cooking (more) with wood from our land.

I am really interested in the various systems on your farm/homestead. I would love a breakdown of what you do now and plan for the future (or ideal) as far as meeting the basic needs of a household, such as:

-electricity (a basic need?)

-water systems (Do you have an electric pump on well, as well as hand-pump? How deep is your well? Does the hand-pump feed the cistern or the kitchen sink? If electricity went away, would you only use one water source in your house? How about irrigation/outdoor water usage?)

-cooking (how much do you do by wood now? How does summer differ from winter? How much do you cook vs. eat raw?)

-bathroom (Will the cistern feed all plumbing lines? Do you haul water for baths? Heat it on the stove or with a water heater of some sort? I assume you have or will have a humanure composting toilet system? Does the grey water irrigate anything or get reused somehow? Have you thought of an outdoor shower for summer?)

-laundry (I've seen you mention the nifty James hand washer/ringer. If you got one, would you use it full-time? What do you use now? Do you know anyone who has does laundry by hand? Does one use a hand-washer inside during winter? Seems messy, but way too cold out-of-doors for much of the year. Is it very difficult, not-so-bad, and does it work well at getting clothes clean? I have experience with the Latin-American pila, and wonder how different a hand-washer would be to the built-in scrubboard on those.)


That's all I can think of at the moment. I'm thinking hard about how to set up our household when we move, and have very few examples around. Many thanks for all the work you do, and the example you are setting!

Take care,
Amy in NC

Anonymous said...

Another dynamite post.

One suggestion -- an introductory paragraph or two that would help orient people.

Jumping right into the subject (in media res!) is fine for your regular readers. I'm concerned about the many new people who are just getting started.

Bart
Energy Bulletin

Pat Meadows said...

Hi, Cutting back on electricity will be difficult for us. We're currently using a bit less than half the average.

Gasoline - we're almost there! :) Don't use much at all.

Food - that's tough when you live in an area such as ours that doesn't produce much food. However, we do buy local as much as we can and do grow as much of our food as we can. Money is, unfortunately, a factor here for us. We could buy lovely local grass-fed beef and free-range chickens, but we can't afford them.

I'd like to see another sub-category for food - if you can't buy local, food bought direct from the grower is the next best thing in my opinion, and deserves its own sub-category.

Natural gas - we heat with natural gas, and our water is heated by it too. Our kitchen stove is natural gas. What I can do: cobble together some sort of water pre-heater (to be used in summer only) so that the water going into the tank isn't icy cold (our well water is icy cold all year). Even a coiled hose left on the deck would work; but it would require a new plumbing connection.

Kitchen stove: I can try to use the cheap solar oven I bought ($22) and if it works, maybe I can buy a better one. Also, I'll try to get my husband to make me a wooden box for a 'haybox cooker'.

Buying consumer goods: we're there now. We just don't do it unless we NEED something.

Pat Meadows

Anonymous said...

I'm going to have to join you in spirit - 'cause there's just no way I am going to be able to keep up with those calculations! I barely have time to balance the checkbook these days...

But inspired I am, and I will be jogging alongside reducing as best I am able.

Kim said...

Sharon,
Thanks for the information. I think I'll be on the look-out for another camp stove. I completely forgot the one in our emergency kit. I'll buy a bottle of propane and see how long it lasts.

It will definitely be easier to meet the electric reduction in winter when the woodstove is pumping out free heat. We only harvest standing dead and fallen trees. Yippee!
KMH

Anonymous said...

Extremely impressive calulation work!
One note about wood, though. According to the EPA, running a gasoline-powered chainsaw for an hour is the same as driving a car 620 miles (cited by the Onario Forestry Safe Workplace Association at http://www.ofswa.on.ca/thelog/dec2001/page12.html). If one is used, this has to be counted as part of the environmental cost of firewood. If an electric chainsaw is used, you'd need to count it with electricity use. If only handsaws and axes are used, it is close to free, although I don't quite see how it can be completely free, given that it is burning and producing carbon.

Anyway, this is the clearest and simplest measure for calculating and reducing emissions I've ever seen. Thanks!!!

jewishfarmer said...

JPM, good point about the chainsaw. Frankly, I think sticking it in the gas category is sufficient - if you only get 50 for a year, you can decide whether to spend it all on your chainsaw.

But yes, if you get someone else to cut your wood, find out what they did it with and how.

Amy, some of this will evolve as we go along, but I'll do a seperate post about our plans. One of the things that will be interesting is seeing which appliances we're getting rid of, and which we can keep within our electric limits.

More soon,

Sharon

Anonymous said...

Well, this is certainly ambitious. But-I feel the need to play a bit of "devils advocate" here. Most people would agree that in terms of countries decreasing their fossil fuel use/emissions, it is unfair to expect Bangladesh for instance to decrease theirs by 90% as well as have the US decrease by 90%; the average US citizen lives so far above the level of the average Bangladeshi and consumes so much more- the 10% that is left is likely more than that available to most Bangladeshis currently. Certainly if Paris Hilton were to attempt this, I could easily live on what is left after she decreases by 90%!

So my problem with all of this is that it basically penalizes anyone who is already living at a lower level of fossil fuel use. To expect them to decrease even further by 90% is rather unfair and perhaps unrealistic. It would seem that a target number would be more appropriate- in lbs of CO2 emissions/year for instance.

I know in my own case, I've already decreased well below most anyone I know. I live totally off-grid, drive a small car, compost, recycle, grow a good deal of food, hardly shop-mostly at thrift stores if I do, etc. So to cut back 90% of that? I can't see how given our current society.

Take transportation for instance. I drive a car that gets over 40 mpg. I've halved my driving this past year. Another 90%? No way. I live in a very rural area. It's not a question of learning to take the bus or something. What bus? Twenty miles away there's a commuter bus- and I take it when I work in the city whenever possible- but to bike there and back? In the dark? In winter? Not really workable. So basically I'm down to the level of driving that I can do and still get to a job, bring my produce to Farmers' Market, etc. Any less and I have no income. Then what?

So while I think it is overall a great idea- I do think some refinement of this is needed. I'd like to do this with you- but given where I'm already at- not that there isn't room for improvement- but realistically all the low hanging and mid-hanging fruit is all gone!

ANI

jewishfarmer said...

Ani, I think you may not have read the description of the project carefully. The project is to reduce emissions 90% over the average American's level of consumption. So no, it doesn't penalize those who already conserve - in fact it rewards them, because the project is that much easier if you've already done some of the work. You wouldn't have to cut your driving back by 90% - if you chose to participate, you would have to cut your driving back by whatever percentage is required to *achieve* a 90% cut - or whatever goal you set yourself.

We haven't included Bangladesh's figures here, because they are already using vastly less than 90% of the average American's usage.

And, as we said up front, not everyone is going to be able achieve 90% in every category. Those of us who are committed to doing this are setting doing this as a *VOLUNTARY* project - we want to do this. So if you don't want to do it, or want to do it differently, that's fine. I think if you go back and read again, you'll find that we're not asking you to do quite what you think we're asking.

As for driving - that's going to be tough for us as well. My husband's commute is 18 miles - in good weather, he can do it by bike, and our synagogue is 30 miles. This will present real challenges for us too - like you, we've already picked the low hanging fruit. Now its time to get the ladder and get up the tree.

Cheers,

Sharon

Correne said...

This is FASCINATING!!!

I have, for the first time in my LIFE, actually studied my utility bills and found out how much water, electricity and natural gas we use. This is a start! With the power of the internet to do some conversions for me (my bills show that we use gigajoules of gas, and cubic metres of water), I am shocked at how much we use. SHOCKED. I always thought I was better than average. I was wrong, wrong, wrong. Sooooo embarrassing.

Here are my questions:
For gasoline, you state the average is 500 gallons per person per year. Does that include children? Would I say that a family with 2 adults and 2 kids uses 1000 gallons, or 2000 gallons?

Same question goes for water. For a family of 4, with 2 adults and 2 kids, do you mean that the average is 400 gallons per person per day?

I am thrilled that I at least have the information now. I think that I'm lucky, because I am just getting started - I get to start with the "low-hanging fruit" and make some easy reductions.

I am NOT committing to the 90% plan - I would need my husband's cooperation to pull that off. First I want to see how much of a difference it makes by composting, drying clothes outdoors, shorter showers, using a rainbarrel, etc. Then, I'll decide what to do next.

Anonymous said...

Hi

I started running figures last night (should have concentrated more at school) and just thought that it would be helpful when people let you know how they are going for it to be measured as a percentage rather than amounts so its easy to compare and analyze. I say taht because in Australia we don't measure anythjing in gallons or miles or therms - kind of complicated to be doing the conversion all the time. It would also be useful if people list what it was that saved them extra in a certain category they have had success in.

Also - with the consumables - shoudl there be a discount for consumables that are bought local - not plastic ie. generally enviro friendly?

Youa re doign a great job here!!!!

Anonymous said...

Before committing to further changes, I'll have to see what Ron's interest level is in this project. But I will definitely run our own numbers and see where we're at.

Just off the top of my head, I can see that for us the easiest will be the electricity -- we've already estimated our average production (and thus our usage) as 3kWh per day, and if I understand your description correctly, we'd be permitted to use 90 x 2 = 180 kWh per month since our power is all from solar panels. Is that right? And if I calculated the small percentage of our electricity that comes instead from the windmill, that would add to our permitted kWh even more. So on that one I think we're ahead of the game.

However, I think we have a ways to go on just about all other categories. The hardest for us would be food and gasoline -- gas because we live in the middle of nowhere -- 15 miles/5 hour walk to town -- and I drive 3x a week for work. So even if I got all of Ron's allotment (he rarely goes anywhere) I still couldn't make it without changing vehicles, and couldn't reduce it by much (during our Buy Nothing December I got to work 2x weekly by driving 13 miles, parking at a friend's house, and walking the last two miles to/from work). If I used a bike instead of walking, I could add a few more miles to this method, but then there's all the cargo errands I do while I'm in town -- I guess this will be a good challenge to see what I can do here! Maybe that electric assist bike I've been eying...

For food I may just be stuck, because Ron's food choices and preferences shape our household eating habits, and at the moment we eat mostly from cans and bottles and pasta boxes. I can, however, pay attention to increasing the proportion of MY food that comes from the garden or the local farmer's market. I think it's such a low percentage now :( that I should be able to increase it dramatically, through it will probably stay relatively low.

Water and garbage we might be about average, or slightly lower, but not down near 10% of average, certainly. Since we're not on a municipal water system, just a well, a pond, and a septic tank, we have no meter to check. Indoor usage could probably be estimated as you mention. Garden irrigation, maybe...

We jokingly justify our production of garbage by making sure we "leave with more/better stuff than we brought" on our dump trips :) But still, we can pay attention to it and see what can be reduced. We do recycle bottles and cans, and burn our newspapers and non-shiny junk mail.

I'll run some numbers to be a little more precise, and post them here. Thanks so much for all the research that's gone into this already!

Sue

Anonymous said...

Sharon ~

I just wanted to encourage all of you with my own story. I started hanging all of my laundry last month (family of 7 here) - and my electric bill went down from $148. to $116. I think we used 11 KWH less this past month than the month before. (My Feb. bill was $175. so it has been reduced significantly in the last couple of months)

I was thinking that I would start washing dishes by hand instead of using the dishwasher and see if I can get it even lower.

I will also cook in the Sun Oven as much as possible.

There are a lot of other areas that we need to work on, like garbage and this post has given me other ideas as well.

Thank you, Sharon!

Kristianna

Anonymous said...

Very profound work, Sharon. I'm doing the calculations, and will check in.
Thanks for doing this.

Hulot

Anonymous said...

Sharon - Great post. How would you figure a geothermal heat pump into this scheme? It's not the same as heating with electricity. Our ancient oil furnace, 65% efficiency, used about 900 gallons of oil per year (Michigan climate). The heat pump uses about 7000 kwh/yr for both heating and cooling. The efficiency of the heat pump is somewhere between 300-400%. So our oil/gas use has gone to zero, but electricity is up. Without the heat pump our electric use is about 3200 kwh/yr (70% below average). Maybe take the kwh used by the heat pump, figure out how many BTU a conventional electric heater would produce with those kwhs, convert the BTU into gallons of fuel oil needed for a 90% efficient furnace, and compare that to the 750 gallon national average?

Anonymous said...

Sharon,
Great discussion and efforts. The complexity is mind-boggling. I just posted a long meditation on Wendell Berry and cited this effort as an example of the work that needs to be done. Keep up the great ideas!

Anonymous said...

Sharon,

I admire what you and your friends are doing. We have been moving down this path for a while. Count us in.

To Gwyn, we live in Australia so we will share any figures we have here if that is OK with Sharon.

I would like to make a brief comment about Anon's post concerning Bangladesh. I suggest Anon checks out the Grameen Bank website and the Grameen Shakti (energy) pages.

They are bypassing the technology pathway we have (mostly) travelled in the developed countries. As an example they are currently installing 4,500 solar home systems per month in villages that have never had grid electricity. They intend to ramp this up to 10,000 per month this year.

BTW they are also rolling out methane digesters that use human and animal waste to generate gas for cooking etc.

Grameen's motivation is poverty alleviation, reducing deforestation as well as other social goals. I think it is inspiring that so many people across the globe are heading in essentially the same direction regardless of their starting points.

GreenSnail said...

Hello, I found your blog doing a search for surburan homestead. I have back-reading your blog and really enjoying what you're saying. And we're in for making the change. We will try for 90% in many areas but gas will be the hardest as hubby drives a lot for work.

Here are our current numbers that I have so far worked out...

1. Gas: having one car here helps but it's a minivan and hubby drives for work a lot. I estimate we use 720 gallons/year and our goal would be 250 gallons. We are looking at getting a new ( at least for us!) car, probably diesel and convert it to run on waste veggie oil.

2. Electricity: I'm not sure where we are here. I'm waiting for a bill to see our kwh but I'm estimating that we are slightly below average.

3. Natural Gas: this is mostly our water heater, dryer and stove/oven. Our heater is gas as well but we live in Southern California and don't need heat. We currently use 240 therms/year. I'm not sure we can do a 90% reduction so our goal is 100 therms/year or less. We will use our solar oven more and we are now planning on selling our dryer.

4. Garbage: I'm waiting for hubby to weight the garbage can to see where we are.

5. Water: I finally figured out how to read our water bill! The unit is equal to 748 gallons of water. Talk about making it hard to figure our. So we're using about 361 gallons/day. We've recently planted a lot of new plants (fruits and veggies) and are watering them every day right now. THis is will be a hard one as well living in Southern California where we have no water of our own!

6. Consumer goods: This is one area where I always think I'm better in than I really am! My weakest for home-schooling supplies, books (or anything I think will make my life better or "greener") and yarn/fiber. I think of myself as frugal but when I added it up I was shocked. We are about at the national average. Our goal is 90% reduction. I should be able to do this...I have enough yarn and fiber to last me a loooooooooooong time! But there are so many things I want to "make my life better" and to help me reduce my emissions.

7. Food: we finally have a yard and have started a garden this year. We currently get a basket of fruits and veggies from a CSA but still I'd estimate our food as 65% processed and non-local foods (too many trips to Trader Joe's!) It will be a while before we get fruit from our trees we just planted and the soil is in poor condition and I'm not sure how well our garden will produce this year. Might be more than a year before we can get to our goal of 75% local, organic food.

I am enjoying reading the other posts and am inspired by everyone!

GK4 said...

Carbon Dioxide Tracking

My approach to this is quite different from what Casaubon’s Book has been doing, but I’d still like to share them with you all. I am not basing my CO2 emissions on what the average North American produces. Instead, I am trying to measure my *actual* personal emissions, starting from zero and adding as I emit.

Some of the readers here seem to be expecting to reduce *each emitting activity* by 90% over the next 25 years (as per Monbiot). I’m only concerned with the total from all sources. It probably won’t be possible for me to reduce my heating oil emissions by 90% between now and 2030, but I can do as much there are possible and make up for the rest elsewhere.

I have put together an Excel spreadsheet, which does all of my calculations for me. All I have to do is enter the amount of various things I have consumed, and the spreadsheet calculated the number of kilograms of CO2 that the action produced. It even stacks them into a graph so I can compare different kinds of consumption.

I am not an expert about this, and have no formal training. Please point out errors in fact or judgment. And I have a huge amount already written to explain it all. Should they go in comments?


Results for 2007

January: 1,743.491 kg CO2
(77 kg above average)
February: 1,658.064 kg CO2
(9 kg below average)
March: 1,255.643 kg CO2
(411 kg below average)
April: 1,656.210 kg CO2
(10 kg below average)

I can itemize if anyone is interested.

Please note that I am including the emissions from my tax payments, and from such things as retirement funds and health insurance. I am not sure if these should be included or not, so they could be as much as 350 kg lower for each month.


Food

I have method for calculating CO2 for food, if you would like to see them.

Anonymous said...

I really LOVE this idea, and want to participate as much as possible. I live on a boat in Mexico and have been giving a lot of thought to how to make boat life more sustainable. But my husband isn't interested in this stuff, so I can only make drastic cuts in emissions where they effect only me. So here is where I'm at in the 7 categories, which ones I think I can & can't aim for 90% reduction in, and a lot of questions. I welcome any input.

1. gasoline. Could we call this category transportation, which is I think what its really about? Measuring it in gallons of gas is fine. On the one hand, we don't own a car, and we walk or take the bus everywhere when we're in port. On the other hand - here comes the really big mea culpa - we fly back to the US about once a year. Yes I know flying is the worst, and I feel really guilty about it, but here's the problem: We are living on the boat because this is my husband's lifelong dream. He's 61 and has had major heart surgery and numerous other medical problems, and I want him to be able to live his dream while he can. But my very elderly parents and adult children live back in the US, and I can't bear to not see them at least once a year. So if anyone has thoughts on this dilemma that I may have overlooked, I'd love to hear them.

Aside from that very big issue, the boat is a sailboat, but we do use some diesel. I will begin to keep track of how much and look for ways to cut back further.

2. electricity. I need to know how amps relate to killowat hours to be able to calculate this (sorry for my ignorance). I suspect we're very close to 90% below the American norm now, as we have a wind generator and solar panels and generate all our own power except when we're at a marina.

3. heating and cooking. We don't have any heat (rarely needed here). We cook with propane - but again, my ignorance gets in the way of making calculations. Our propane comes in containers calculated in grams and/or ounces. How does that relate to therms? I do have a crappy solar cooker that doesn't work well. And in the summer when the heat is overwhelming, we tend to live on salads and cold soups and rarely cook at all.

4. garbage. not sure how to calculate this. In remote areas, we throw biodegradable "compost" (peels, pits, etc) overboard - does this count as garbage? We probably generate a couple pounds of garbage a day, and much of it is the bottles my husband's mineral water comes in. I don't think I'm likely to break him of this habit. But I can work on my own garbage production.

5. water. Except when we're at a marina, I think we're already there. Our tanks only hold 80 gallons, and we are very water-conscious. There's nothing like having to haul water in 5-gallon jugs in 100 degree heat to make you careful about water use! I will keep a record, but I think the worst we've ever done was to empty our tanks in 3 days, which would mean we were each using 13 1/3 gallons/day. Usually we do better than that, and we've gone as long as 7 or 8 days before refilling - which would mean we were using about 5 gallons per person per day. I would like to know if someone can tell me how many gallons per minute the average shower uses - I want to be careful how I use water at the marina too. (showers down here tend to have low water pressure, so the water doesn't come out fast).

6. Consumer goods. Do boat parts count as consumer goods? If not, I'm probably already at or below $1000. I can't vouch for my husband, who buys a lot more stuff. And if boat parts count, I doubt we can get down to $1000. But I will track it more carefully and see what I can do.

7. food. This is going to be tough. I absolutely agree with the desire to eat local and organic, but I don't see how I can do it down here. Obviously, I can't grow anything, much as I'd like to. And as long as we're cruising around the Baja, its pretty much impossible to buy from local farmers as this is all desert and there are very few farms. About the best I can do is to buy produce from small local fruterias - but much of it comes from either California or mainland Mexico. As for dry, bulk goods - I can get dry beans, but rarely in bulk. And using them runs up against water issues - they have to be washed, then soaked, then cooked - which uses a lot of water. With only 80 gallons of water available at best, I've tended to use canned beans. I'd love to hear anyone's ideas on how to resolve any of this.

My worst problem on food is that my husband loves to eat out. I can possibly get him to cut back some, but I'm never going to entirely dissuade him from wanting to eat in restauraunts whenever we're in a town or city. Does anyone have thoughts on how to make eating in restauraunts as sustanable and carbon-neutral as possible?

Keep up the good work Sharon. I will participate as much as I possibly can, and will try to at least get #'s 2 through 6 down to the target numbers over the course of the next year.

jewishfarmer said...

George, your system is amazing, and I've no doubt, more accurate than mine. I do want to correct one thing - we're planning on dropping our emissions in *1* year - not 25. Is there any way you could put everything up on the web, maybe on a blog or a site - because this would be extremely useful to people who want to use a more accurate system.

Annette, I'll look into info about boats and diesel and stuff - wow, that sounds like an amazing life. Could you container garden on the boat, I wonder, or is that simply not feasible?

Purdum, you could do it as you say, but I'd think absolute numbers might be more accurate - that is, if the goal is reduce by 90%, it might make more sense to figure out how much electricity the equivalent amount of oil or natural gas (whichever you used before) would generate, and apply that to your electric calculations.

Does that make sense?

Pat, food bought direct from the grower is included in the home-grown/local category - that is, you only pay the energy cost of getting it to your house.

Sharon

Anonymous said...

Sharon, do you know where I could find figures for France? Or should I assume they are roughly the same?

Anonymous said...

Sorry, I sent this comment too quickly.

Sharon, do you know where I could find figures for France? Or should I assume they are roughly the same?

I have been on the path of reducing for a few years now, but I have never tried to look at figures.

Thanks for your inspiring blog, you've got at least one French reader!

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